Diffusion of the thiosulfate ion out of photographic film during washing

Author

Kenneth Haring

Abstract

The thiosulfate ion does not freely diffuse out of a hardened photographic gelatin emulsion. Salts in the washing water displaces the adsorbed thiosulfate ions and allows them to freely diffuse out of the emulsion. The effect of temperature upon the diffusion of the thiosulfate ion is on the order of other diffusion processes. The type and amount of hardening also affects the diffusion of thiosulfate. The diffusion of thiosulfate out of the emulsion is fastest when a non-hardening fixer is used. The use of an alum hardening fixer results in slower diffusion than with formaldehyde prehardening.

Library of Congress Subject Headings

Photography--Developing and developers

Publication Date

1970

Document Type

Thesis

Department, Program, or Center

School of Photographic Arts and Sciences (CIAS)

Advisor

Carroll, Burt

Comments

Note: imported from RIT’s Digital Media Library running on DSpace to RIT Scholar Works. Physical copy available through RIT's The Wallace Library at: TR305.H3

Recommended Citation

Haring, Kenneth, "Diffusion of the thiosulfate ion out of photographic film during washing" (1970). Thesis. Rochester Institute of Technology. Accessed from
https://repository.rit.edu/theses/170

Campus

RIT – Main Campus