Abstract
Paper mill sludge (PMS) is a high-volume waste of the pulppapermaking industry, containing cellulose fibers. This paper introduces cellulose nanofibers extracted from PMS (CNFsPMS) and their application in paper coatings using a wire-wound coating method to enhance internal and optical properties of paper. Three factors were investigated: (i) CNFsPMS amount, (ii) number of layers, and (iii) surface treatment via a 4 × 2 × 2 factorial design. The experimental responses were tracked by fundamentally important internal properties including porosity, air permeability, thickness, roughness, and optical properties of brightness, gloss, and CIE L*a*b* color coordination. The results showed that CNFPMS enhances porosity to 91 mL/ min, permeability to 0.5 × 10−3 μm2 , and gloss to 29.5 at 1 wt % CNFsPMS applied in two layers with 500 pli calendering. Roughness improves to 2 μm at all levels of CNFsPMS applied to two layers with 500 calendering. CNFsPMS prevents a decrease in brightness and improves lightness, suggesting more colors can be produced in printing applications. The utilization of PMS for papermaking applications can add value to these underutilized residues and open a new revenue stream by reusing it as a high-value material.
Creative Commons License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License
Publication Date
3-22-2023
Document Type
Article
Department, Program, or Center
School of Media Sciences (CET)
Recommended Citation
Bilge Nazli Altay, Anamika Huq, Burak Aksoy, Richard Hailstone, Muslum Demir, Cem Aydemir, Arif Karademir, and Scott Williams ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering DOI: 10.1021/acssuschemeng.3c00566
Campus
RIT – Main Campus
